Candace M. Johnson

Candace M. Johnson Principal Research Scientist

Substance Abuse, Mental Health, and Criminal Justice Studies

Ph.D., Criminology, School of Criminology, Florida State University
M.S., Criminology, School of Criminology, Florida State University
B.A., Sociology and Psychology, Duke University

Candace Johnson is a Principal Research Scientist in the Substance Abuse, Mental Health and Criminal Justice Studies (SAMHCJ) department at NORC. She oversees projects involving collection and analysis of criminal justice data and statistics.

Johnson is currently involved in research for the Bureau of Justice Statistics on sexual victimization of former prisoners, and conversion and standardization of RAP sheet data for the development of recidivism study files. Additionally, she is involved in research on the post-release success of prior prisoners for an experimental evaluation of prisoner re-entry programs funded by the U.S. Department of Labor.   

Prior to her NORC tenure, Johnson served as a senior research associate and co-president of Justice Studies, Inc. (JSI). In addition to managing the business operations at JSI, she served as co-principal investigator of a study of federal involvement on homicide cases for the National Institute of Justice. Prior to her work at JSI, she served as the director of monitoring for the U.S. Sentencing Commission; in this role, she developed the system for collecting federal sentencing data, managed the collection of data, and was responsible for the preparation of reports to the Commission about federal offenders and sentencing practices under federal sentencing guidelines.

Representative Projects

Conversion of Criminal History Records into Research Databases (CCHRRD). For years, BJS has used information stored in the nation’s automated criminal history records to assess the officially-recognized, law-violating behavior of various samples of individuals.  To do recidivism studies, BJS has provided state criminal history repositories with identifying information on study subjects and has requested each participating state repository to extract selected information on each subject’s criminal justice activities, thus creating a reporting burden for participating repositories. In addition, the structure and content of the data extracted from these repositories varies from state to state requiring customized software to transform each state’s data into a commonly-formatted, researchable database.  In light of these challenges, only two national recidivism studies of released prisoners have been performed by BJS to date; the first in 1983 and the latest in 1994.  More

National Former Prisoner Survey.

The National Former Prisoner Survey (FPS) is one of a series of major studies undertaken by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, in response to congressional mandates in the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003. The National Former Prisoner Survey was conducted by NORC in 2008 and was designed to provide national estimates of sexual violence within prisons. More

Reintegration of Ex-Offenders Random Assignment Evaluation.

The Reintegration of Ex-Offenders Random Assignment Evaluation Study (RExO), funded by Department of Labor, is designed to provide a rigorous, random assignment evaluation of a demonstration program serving formerly incarcerated individuals through employment-centered programs. More